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Statistical Inference and Hypothesis Testing

Class Intervals

Class intervals – frequency distribution is a statistical method of organizing data that involves grouping together values which are similar in some way. The intervals of the frequency distribution of a set of observations. Working of Class Intervals It works by dividing the data into subgroups (or classes) based on the frequency of occurrence, then […]

Chi-Squared Distance

Chi-squared distance is a measure of dissimilarity between two distributions, often used in categorical variables. It measures the “distance” between two distributions based on how similar or different their probability mass functions are.  How to Calculate? The chi-squared distance is calculated by subtracting the probability of each category from the conditional probability. The result is […]

Census

Census is defined as the process of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. This process involves collecting data about individuals, such as their age, gender, occupation, level of education, income level, marital status, and other personal characteristics.  Purpose of Census The purpose of a census is to provide an […]

Ceiling Effect

The Ceiling effect is a term used to describe the circumstances when the scores of many participants in a study reach their maximum potential. This phenomenon may occur in various types of research, such as psychological tests and surveys.  Ceiling Effect in Psychology In psychology, the ceiling effect is an indication that test participants are […]

Causality

Causality investigations in medicine are studies looking into the interactions of different factors, causes and effects of certain medical conditions. They offer a way to uncover the underlying drivers behind diseases, as well as risk factors associated with them. In particular, they can help researchers identify potential treatments that may be effective at treating or […]