In Bayesian statistics a prior distribution is called improper if it depends on the data or does not integrate to 1.

A problem characteristic of many surveys of natural and human popula- tions, that arises because even when a unit (such as a spatial plot) is included in the sample, not all individuals in the selected unit may be detected by the observer.

The proportion of individuals who are not subject to death, failure, relapse, etc., in a sample of censored survival times.

Models for the development of a population that is aug- mented by the arrival of individuals who found families independently of each other.

A missing data mechanism is said to be ignorable for likelihood inference if the joint likelihood for the responses of interest and missing data indicators can be decomposed into two separate components (containing the parameters of main interest and the parameters of the missingness mechanism, respectively) and the parameters for each component are distinct in […]

A matrix, A, with the property that . 𝐴 = 𝐴2

Probability distributions, f (x), for which the graph of log f (x) is a hyperbole.

A correction term applied in the analysis of data from longitudinal studies by simple analysis of variance procedures, to ensure that the within subject F-tests are approximately valid even if the assumption of sphericity is invalid.

A model for count data that postulates two processes, one generating the zeros in the data and one generating the positive values. A binomial model governs the binary outcome of whether the count variable has a zero or a positive value. If the value is positive the ‘hurdle is crossed’ and the conditional distribution of […]

A model for evaluating the economic implication of disease in terms of the economic loss of a person succumbing to morbidity or mortality at some specified age. Often such a model has two components, the direct cost of disease, for example, medical management and treatment, and the indirect cost of disease, namely the loss of […]